Claude Shannon: Boolean Algebra and Circuit Design

Claude Shannon really enjoyed thinking about problems and tinkering with mechanical devices, but he was not a big fan of publishing papers. Throughout his life, he kept copious notes, sketches, and personal journals related to his work and ideas, mathematical lemmas, theoretical problems, and musings about wide-ranging topics, from juggling to robotics to music to … Read more

Claude Shannon: Patterns Erase Uncertainty

In a previous post, we talked about how the decision-making process is the act of rescuing one potentiality from a field of uncertainty and delivering it permanently into the certainty of your past. Think about that for a moment. When you are faced with a decision, there is an array of possible outcomes based on … Read more

Claude Shannon: Overcoming Noise

The hedge fund manager Michael Burry said he met his wife through the dating site Match.com with a profile that read, “I am a medical student with only one eye, an awkward social manner, and $145,000 in student loans.” Burry said she wrote back, “You’re just what I’ve been looking for.” She understood that if … Read more

Claude Shannon: Bits of Information

This is the first of a series of posts about Claude Shannon, mathematician, engineer, and computer scientist whose work beginning in the late ’30s helped to define the Information Age that emerged over the subsequent decades. Shannon is largely credited for having developed Information Theory. Over the next few posts, we’ll dive into some of … Read more

Bruce Lee: The Formless Form

In recent posts about Bruce Lee, we looked at his technical prowess as a fighter, including his use of the one-inch punch and the stop-hit, as well as a fight that exposed the limitations of his approach. By 1964, at the age of 23, Lee had become a fighter who possessed blinding speed, incredible strength … Read more

Bruce Lee: How Small Defeats Large

In hand-to-hand combat, being taller has advantages, all else equal. If you are taller than your opponent, your reach will tend to be longer than your opponent’s, meaning you can strike from a distance that is outside your opponent’s range. To counter, your opponent has to lunge forward to reach you, making him more vulnerable. … Read more

Bruce Lee: Becoming Water

The year was 1964. The scene was a small residential garage in Oakland, California, that served as a martial-arts school run by Bruce Lee. The space was cluttered with homemade sparring devices pieced together by Bruce’s assistant James, who was a welder by trade, making it appear like a cross between a boxing gym and … Read more

Bruce Lee and the One-Inch Punch

Bruce Lee was neither tall nor heavy, but he could beat up larger opponents. What he lacked in brawn, he made up in speed, smarts, and heart. He also knew how to put on a show. The son of an opera singer and film actor, young Bruce Lee grew up in show business. He happened … Read more